Abstract

1. Hordhac

2. Diyaarinta Rakibaadda ka hor

2.1 Hubinta Qalabka iyo Qaybaha

• Hubinta Wanaagsanaanta Shaabadda: Xaqiiji in shaabadda farsamada ay la jaanqaadi karto dareeraha la qabanayo (tusaale, heerkulka, cadaadiska, ka kooban kiimikada), qaabka qalabka, iyo cabbirka shafka. Tixraac xaashida xogta soo-saaraha ama buug-gacmeedka farsamada si aad u hubiso in shaabadu nakhshaddeeda (tusaale, walxaha elastomerka, walxaha wajiga) ay ku habboon yihiin shuruudaha codsiga. Tusaale ahaan, shaabadda loogu talagalay adeegga biyaha uma adkeysan karto heerkulka sare iyo daxalka kiimikada ee dareeraha ku saleysan batroolka.
• Kormeerida Qaybaha: Ka baadh dhamaan qaybaha shaabadaysan (wejiga taagan, wejiga wareega, ilo, elastomers, O-rings, gaskets, iyo hardware) calamadaha burburka, xidhashada ama cilladaha Ka hubi dildilaaca, jajabka, ama xagashada wejiyada shaabadaysan-xitaa cilladaha yaryar waxay keeni karaan dillaac. Ka eeg elastomers (tusaale, nitrile, Viton, EPDM) qallafsanaanta, dabacsanaanta, iyo calamadaha da'da (tusaale, jajaban, barar), maadaama elastomers-ka xumaaday aanay samayn karin shaabad waxtar leh. Hubi in ilo-biyoodyadu ay xor ka yihiin miridhku, qallafsanaan, ama daal, maadaama ay ilaalinayaan cadaadiska xidhiidhka lagama maarmaanka ah ee u dhexeeya wejiyada shaabadaysan.
• Shaft and Housing Inspection: Ka eeg shafka qalabka (ama gacanta) iyo guryaynta burburka saamayn kara toosinta shaabadda ama fadhiga. Ka eeg usheeda si ay u eccentricity, ovality, ama ciladaha dusha sare (tusaale, xagashada, jeexjeexyada) ee aagga meesha qaybta shaabadda wareegta lagu dhejin doono. Dusha sare ee usheeda dhexe waa inay lahaataa dhammays siman (sida caadiga ah Ra 0.2-0.8 μm) si looga hortago waxyeelada elastomerka oo loo hubiyo xidhidh habboon. Ka eeg xuubka guryuhu daal, qallafsanaan, ama burbur, oo xaqiiji in kursiga suumanka taagan (haddii lagu dhex daro guriga) uu fidsan yahay oo aan waxyeello lahayn.
• Xaqiijinta cabbirka: Isticmaal qalabka cabbiraadda saxda ah (tusaale, calipers, micrometers, tilmaamayaasha garaaca) si loo xaqiijiyo cabbirrada muhiimka ah. Cabbir dhexroorka usheeda dhexe si aad u hubiso inay la mid tahay dhexroorka shaabadu, oo ka eeg dhexroorka daloolka shaabadu marka loo eego dhexroorka shabadda. Xaqiiji masaafada u dhaxaysa garabka usheeda dhexe iyo wejiga guriga si aad u hubiso in shaabadda lagu rakibi doono qoto dheer oo sax ah.

2.2 Diyaarinta Qalabka

• Aaladaha Qiyaasta Saxda ah: Calipers (digital ama vernier), micrometers, tilmaamayaasha garaaca (ee hubinta isku toosinta), iyo qiyaasaha qoto dheer si loo xaqiijiyo cabbirada iyo toosinta.
• Qalabka Torque: Wrenches Torque (Manual ama digital) oo lagu jaangooyay qeexida soo saaraha si loogu dabaqo qulqulka saxda ah biraha iyo xidhayaasha Dareeraha xad-dhaafka ah waxay dhaawici kartaa elastometers ama waxay qalloocin kartaa qaybaha shabbadaha, halka hoos-u-socodku ay u horseedi karto xiriirro dabacsan iyo dillaac.
• Qalabka Rakibaadda: Xir gacmaha dhejiska (si aad u ilaaliso elastomers iyo wejiyada xidhida inta lagu jiro rakibidda), xargaha xargaha (si looga hortago xagashada shafka), iyo dubbayaal weji jilicsan (tusaale, caag ama naxaas) si aad u taabato qaybaha meesha iyada oo aan waxyeello geysan.
• Aaladaha Nadiifinta: Maro-free-ka-free, burushyada aan xoqin, iyo dareerayaasha nadiifinta ku habboon (tusaale, isopropyl khamriga, jinniyada macdanta) si loo nadiifiyo qaybaha iyo dusha qalabka. Ka fogow isticmaalka dareerayaasha qallafsan ee hoos u dhigi kara elastomers.
• Qalabka Badbaadada: Muraayadaha badbaadada, galoofyada (kiimiko u adkaysta haddii la qabanayo dareerayaasha halista ah), ilaalinta dhegta (haddii lagu shaqaynayo qalab qaylo leh), iyo gaashaanka wejiga (codsiyada cadaadiska sare leh).

2.3 Diyaarinta Goobta Shaqada

• Nadiifi Hareeraha: Ka saar qashinka, boodhka, iyo wasakhda kale goobta shaqada. Dabool qalabka u dhow si aad uga hortagto burbur ama wasakh.
• Deji Kursiga Shaqada: Isticmaal kursi nadiif ah oo fidsan si aad isugu ururiso qaybaha shaabadda Dhig maro aan dheecan lahayn ama rooga caag ah korkiisa kursiga shaqada si aad wejiyada u xirto xagashada uga ilaaliso.
• Qaybaha summada: Haddii shaabadda la kala furfuro (tusaale, kormeer), calaamadee qayb kasta si aad u hubiso dib-u-ururinta habboon. Isticmaal weel yaryar ama bacaha si aad u kaydiso qaybo yaryar (tusaale, ilo, O-rings) oo aad uga hortagto luminta.
• Dukumentiga Dib u eegista: Ha diyaarso buuga rakibaadda soo saaraha, sawirada qalabka, iyo xaashida xogta badbaadada (SDS). Baro tillaabooyinka gaarka ah ee nooca shaabadda ee la rakibay, maadaama habraacyadu ay ku kala duwanaan karaan soo saarayaasha.

3. Tillaabo-tallaabo Rakibaadda ee Sheetooyinka Makaanikada

3.1 Habka Rakibaadda Guud (Seals Aan-Cartridge ahayn)

3.1.1 Diyaarinta Shaft iyo Guryaha

1. Nadiifi Usha iyo Guryeynta: Isticmaal maro aan dheeman lahayn iyo dareere la jaan qaada si aad u nadiifiso shafka (ama gacanta) iyo daloolka guriga. Ka saar haraaga shaabadda, miridhku, ama qashinka duugga ah. Wixii hadhaaga adag, isticmaal buraash aan xoqin — iska ilaali isticmaalka xaashida ciidda ama burushka siliga, maadaama ay xoqin karaan dusha sare ee usheeda.
2. Ka Eeg Burburka: Dib u eeg usheeda dhexe iyo hoyga wixii cillado ah ee seegay intii lagu jiray rakibidda ka hor. Haddii usheeda dhexe ay leedahay xagtimo yar yar, isticmaal warqad cammuud ah oo qafiif ah (400-600 xabo) si aad u nadiifiso dusha sare, adigoo u shaqaynaya jihada usha usheeda dhexe. Si aad u qoto dheer u xoqdo ama eccentricity, bedel shafka ama ku rakib shafka gacanta.
3. Codso Saliid (Haddii Loo Baahan Yahay): Codso lakab khafiif ah oo saliid ah (tusaale, saliid macdan ah, dufan silikoon) dusha sare ee shaambada iyo xadhkaha gudaha ee qaybta wareega wareega. Tani waxay yaraynaysaa is jiid-jiidka inta lagu jiro rakibidda waxayna ka hortagtaa waxyeelada elastomers. Hubi in saliidu ay la jaanqaadi karto dareeraha gacanta lagu hayo-tusaale ahaan, iska ilaali isticmaalka saliidaha ku salaysan dareere biyo-milmi leh.

3.1.2 Rakibaadda Qaybta Seal ee Joogta ah

1. Diyaari Kursiga Joogsiga: Ka eeg kursiga fadhiya dhaawaca oo ku nadiifi maro-free. Haddii kursigu leeyahay O-ring ama gasket, mari lakab khafiif ah oo saliid ah giraanta O-ga si loo fududeeyo rakibidda.
2. GelidaKursiga taaganGudaha Guryaha: Si taxadar leh u geli kursiga taagan godka guriga, adoo hubinaya inuu si sax ah u siman yahay. Isticmaal dubbe jilicsan oo jilicsan si aad kursiga ugu dhejiso ilaa uu si buuxda ugu fadhiyo garabka guriga. Ha isticmaalin xoog xad-dhaaf ah, sababtoo ah tani waxay dillaaci kartaa wejiga taagan.
3. Badbaadso Kursiga Taagan (Haddii Loo Baahan Yahay): Kuraasta taagan qaarkood waxa lagu hayaa meel lagu hayo giraan, boolal, ama saxan qanjidh. Haddii aad isticmaalayso boolal, ku mari qulqulka saxda ah (sida ay tilmaamayaasha soo-saaraha) qaabka qalafsanaanta si loo hubiyo xitaa cadaadiska. Ha ka badin wareegga, sababtoo ah tani waxay qurxin kartaa kursiga ama waxay dhaawici kartaa O-ring.

3.1.3 Rakibaadda Qaybta Seal ee Wareegta ah

1. Isku-dubbaridi Qaybaha Wareegaya: Haddii qaybta wareegtadu aanay ahayn mid horay la isugu keenay, wejiga wareegta ku dheji shafka shafka adigoo isticmaalaya qalabka la bixiyay (tusaale, boolal dhejis, lowska quful). Hubi in wejiga wareega uu si siman ugu toosan yahay gacanta oo si ammaan ah loo adkeeyay. Ku rakib ilaha (hal ama dhowr gu') oo ku dheji gacanta, hubinta inay si sax ah u taagan yihiin (sida jaantuska soo saaraha) si loo ilaaliyo xitaa cadaadiska wejiga wareega.
2. Ku rakib Qaybta Wareegta ah ee usha: Ku dul ruji qaybta wareegta ee shafka, adiga oo hubinaya in wejiga wareega uu la siman yahay wejiga taagan. Isticmaal shaabad dhejis ah si aad uga ilaaliso elastomers (tusaale, O-rings on the sleeve) iyo wejiga wareega ee xagashada marka la rakibayo. Haddii usheeda dhexe leedahay waddo furaha, toosi dariiqa furaha ee gacanta iyo furaha shafka si loo hubiyo wareeg sax ah.
3. Hubi Qaybta Wareegta: Marka qaybta wareegtadu ay ku sugan tahay booska saxda ah (sida caadiga ah ka dhanka ah garabka usheeda dhexe ama giraanta xajinta), xafid adiga oo isticmaalaya boolal dhejis ah ama lowska qufulka ah. Adkee boolal dhejisyada qaab crisscross ah, addoo marinka qulqulka uu cayimay soo saaraha. Iska ilaali inaad si xad dhaaf ah u adkeyso, sababtoo ah tani waxay xumeyn kartaa gacanta ama waxay dhaawaci kartaa wejiga wareega.

3.1.4 Ku rakibida saxanka qanjidhada iyo jeegaga ugu dambeeya

1. Diyaari saxanka qanjidhada: Ka eeg saxanka qanjidhka burburka oo si fiican u nadiifi. Haddii saxanka qanjidhku leeyahay O-rings ama gaasaska, ku beddel kuwo cusub (sida ay tahay talooyinka soo-saaraha) oo mari lakab khafiif ah oo saliid ah si loo xaqiijiyo shaabad habboon.
2. Buurta saxanka qanjidhka: Dhig saxanka qanjidhka dushiisa qaybaha shaabadaysan, hubinta in ay la siman tahay bolts guriyaynta. Geli boolasha oo gacanta ku adkee si aad saxanka qanjidhka ugu qabato meesha.
3. Isku hagaaji saxanadda qanjidhada: Isticmaal tilmaame garaac si aad u hubiso isku toosinta saxanka qanjidhka iyo shafka. Runout (eccentricity) waa in ay ka yaraataa 0.05 mm (0.002 inji) ee saxanka qanjidhada. Hagaajin boolalka marka loo baahdo si aad u saxdo qaladka.
4. Turque the Plate Bolts: Isticmaalka furaha qufulka ah, adkee boolalka saxanka qanjidhka ee qaabka qallafsan ee soo saaraha cayiman. Tani waxay hubinaysaa xitaa cadaadiska wejiyada shaabadaysan waxayna ka hortagtaa si khaldan. Dib u hubi socodka orod ka dib marka aad ruxdo si aad u xaqiijiso toosinta.
5. Kormeerka ugu dambeeya: Si muuqaal ah u baadh dhammaan qaybaha si aad u hubiso in si sax ah loo rakibay. Hubi farqiga u dhexeeya saxanka qanjidhada iyo hoyga, oo xaqiiji in qaybta wareegta ahi ay si xor ah u socoto usheeda dhexe (aan lahayn wax ku xidhan ama is jiid jiid).

3.2 Rakibaadda Shaabada Kartridge

3.2.1 Hubinta Rakibaadda ka hor eeShaabadda Kartridge

1. Kormeer Cutubka Kartridge: Ka saar shaabadda kartoonada baakaddeeda oo ka eeg waxyeellada inta lagu jiro dhoofinta. Ka hubi wejiyada shaabadda ee xagashada ama jajabyada, oo xaqiiji in dhammaan qaybaha (guriga, O-rings) ay yihiin kuwo sax ah oo si habboon loo dhigay.
2. Xaqiiji iswaafajinta: Xaqiiji in shaabadda kartoonada ay la jaan qaadayso cabbirka usheeda dhexe ee qalabka, daloolka guryeynta, iyo cabbirrada arjiga (heerkulka, cadaadiska, nooca dareeraha) adoo tixraacaya lambarka qaybta soo saaraha oo ay la socoto qeexida qalabka.
3. Nadiifi Shaabadda Kartridge: Ku tirtir shaabadda kartoonada maro-free si aad uga saarto wixii boodh ah ama burbur ah. Ha kala furfurin unugga kartoonada ilaa uu cayimo soo-saarehu--kala-saariddu waxay carqaladayn kartaa toosinta hore loo dejiyay ee wejiyada shaabadaysan.

3.2.2 Diyaarinta Shaft and Housing

1. Nadiifi oo hubi usheeda dhexe: Raac tillaabooyinka la midka ah sida ku xusan Qaybta 3.1.1 si aad u nadiifiso usheeda una hubiso burburka. Hubi in dusha sare ee usheeda dhexe ay siman tahay oo ka nadiifsan yihiin xagashada ama miridhku.
2. Ku rakib Shaft Sleeve (Haddii Loo Baahan Yahay): Qaar ka mid ah shaabadihii kartoonada waxay u baahan yihiin gacmo-gacmeed gooni ah. Haddi ay khusayso, ku sidi gacanta shafka, ku toosi dariiqa furaha (haddii ay jirto), oo ku xafid boolal ama quful lowska. Ku adkee qalabka wax soo saarka si gaar ah.
3. Nadiifi Bore-ka Guryaha: Nadiifi xijaabka guriga si aad uga saarto wixii haraaga shaabadaysan ama haraaga. Ka eeg xijaabka in ay daalantahay ama si khaldan u-habboonaadeen—haddii boodhka uu xumaaday, hagaaji ama beddel guriga ka hor intaadan sii wadin.

3.2.3 Rakibaadda Shaabadda Kartridge

1. Dhig shaabadda Kartridge: Ku toosi shaabadda kartoonada iyo godka guriga iyo shafka. Hubi in garabka korka ee kartuujadu uu la socdo godadka boodhka guryaha.
2. Geli Shaabada Kartuujida Meesha: Si taxadar leh ugu dheji shaabadda kartoonada gudaha godka guriga, adiga oo hubinaya in qaybta wareega (ku dheggan usheeda) ay si xor ah u socoto. Haddi kartoojku leeyahay aalad udub dhexaad u ah (tusaale, biin hagaha ama baadiyaha), hubi inay la shaqaynayso guriga si loo ilaaliyo isku toosinta.
3. Hubi Flange Cartridge: Geli boolal-kordhinta dhexda kartridge-ka iyo gudaha guriga. Gacmaha ku adkee boolalka si aad ugu qabato kartoonada meesha.
4. Isku hagaaji shaabadda Kartridge: Isticmaal tusaha garaaca si aad u hubiso isku toosinta shaabadda kartoonada iyo shafka. Cabbir socodka orodka ee qaybta wareegta—runout waa in uu ka yaraado 0.05 mm (0.002 inji). Hagaajin boolal-kordhinta haddii loo baahdo si loo saxo khaladka khaldan.
5. Torque the Mounting Bolts: Ku adkee boolalka korka ee qaabka crisscross ee soo saaraha cayiman. Tani waxay ilaalinaysaa kartridge-ka goobta waxayna hubisaa in wejiyada shaabadaysan ay si fiican u siman yihiin.
6. Ka saar Aids-ka Rakibaadda: Xirmooyinka kartoonada badan waxaa ka mid ah qalabyada rakibaadda ku meel gaadhka ah (tusaale, biinanka qufulka, daboolka ilaalinta) si ay u qabtaan wejiyada shaabadda marka la raro iyo rakibidda. Ka saar qalabyadan kaliya ka dib marka kartootada si buuxda loogu xidho guriga - ka saarista goor hore waxay si khaldan u leexin kartaa wejiyada shaabadaysan.

3.3 Imtixaanka Rakibaadda Kadib iyo Xaqiijinta

3.3.1 Tijaabada Leak ee Joogtada ah

1. Cadaadis Qalabka: Ku buuxi qalabka dareeraha habka (ama dareeraha tijaabada ah, sida biyaha) oo ku cadaadi cadaadiska caadiga ah ee hawlgalka. Haddii aad isticmaasho dareere tijaabo ah, hubi inay la jaan qaadayaan alaabta shaabadaysan.
2. La-socod Wax-ka-baxyada: Muuqaal ahaan u baadh aagga shaabadu inay dillaacdo. Fiiri is dhexgalka u dhexeeya saxanka qanjidhada iyo hoyga, shafka iyo qaybta wareega, iyo wejiyada shaabadaysan. Isticmaal warqad nuugista ah si aad u hubiso daloolo yaryar oo laga yaabo in aanay indhaha qaawan arki karin.
3. Qiimee heerka daadinta: Heerka daadinta la aqbali karo waxay ku xidhan tahay arjiga iyo heerarka warshadaha. Badi codsiyada warshadaha, heerka daadinta wax ka yar 5 dhibcood daqiiqadii waa la aqbali karaa. Haddii heerka daadku dhaafo xadka la aqbali karo, xidh qalabka, niyad jab, oo ka eeg shaabadda si khaldan, qaybaha dhaawacan, ama rakibid aan habboonayn.

3.3.2 Tijaabada Leak ee Dhaqdhaqaaqa

1. Bilow Qalabka: Bilow qalabka una ogolow inuu gaaro xawaaraha hawlgalka iyo heerkulka caadiga ah. La soco qalabka qaylada ama gariir aan caadi ahayn, taas oo laga yaabo inay muujiso qallafsanaan ama xidhitaanka shaabadda.
2. La-socod Wax-ka-baxyada: Muuqaal ahaan u eeg aagga shaabadaysan si ay u daadsan yihiin inta qalabku socdo. Ka hubi wejiyada daboolay kulaylka xad dhaafka ah - kulaylka xad-dhaafka ah wuxuu muujin karaa sifeyn ku filan ama habacsanaanta wejiyada shaabadda.
3. Hubi Cadaadiska iyo Heerkulka: La soco cadaadiska habka iyo heerkulka si aad u hubiso inay ku sii jiraan xadka shaqada ee shaabadda. Haddii cadaadiska ama heerkulku uu dhaafo qiyaasta la cayimay, xir qalabka oo hagaaji cabbirka habka ka hor intaadan sii wadin tijaabada.
4. Ku Samee Qalabka Muddada Imtixaanka: Ku shaqee qalabka muddo tijaabo ah (sida caadiga ah 30 daqiiqo ilaa 2 saacadood) si aad u hubiso in shaabadu ay xasiloon tahay. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, si xilliyo ah u hubi qulqulka, buuqa, iyo heerkulka. Haddii aan la ogaan wax dillaac ah oo qalabku si habsami leh u shaqeeyo, rakibidda shaabadu waa lagu guuleystay.

3.3.3 Hagaajinta kama dambaysta ah (Haddii loo baahdo)

• Hubi Torque: Hubi in dhammaan boolal ( saxan qanjidhada, qaybta wareega, kursiga taagan) lagu adkeeyey sifooyinka soo saaraha. Boolal dabacsan waxay sababi karaan isku-duubnaan iyo daadad.
• Is-eegis Kormeer: ​​Dib u eeg isku toosinta wejiyada shaabadaysan iyo saxanadda qanjidhada adoo isticmaalaya tilmaame garaac. Sax wax kasta oo khaldan adiga oo hagaajinaya boolalka.
• Hubi Wajiyada Xirmada leh: Haddii daadaduhu sii socdaan, xidh qalabka, niyad jab, oo ka saar shaabadda si aad u hubiso wejiyada. Haddii wejiyada ay dhaawacmaan (la xoqay, la jarjaray), ku beddel kuwo cusub.
• Kormeer Elastomers: Ka hubi O-rings iyo gaasaska burburka ama habacsanaanta.